Beneath central Romania there is a large body of magma which holds 50 cubic kilometers of material. And due to this magma, there are dozens of degassing vents on the surface which release thousands of tons of carbon dioxide each year. This is at the Ciomadul volcano, which last erupted 27,200 years ago, and will likely at some point in the very distant future erupt again. Author's note: Ciomadul has in my opinion, essentially a zero chance of erupting in the next 10,000 years. The magma has been beneath it a long time, and is honestly not concerning.   If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links: (Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub) (YouTube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeGh5VML5XPr5jYnzh3J6g/join) (Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com) (GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com) Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image): Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Sources/Citations: [1] Tămaș DM, Kis BM, Tămaș A, Szalay R. Identifying CO2 Seeps in a Long-Dormant Volcanic Area Using Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle-Based Infrared Thermometry: A Qualitative Study. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 1;22(7):2719. doi: 10.3390/s22072719. PMID: 35408333; PMCID: PMC9003197. CC BY 4.0. [2] Karátson, D., Telbisz, T., Dibacto, S. et al. Eruptive history of the Late Quaternary Ciomadul (Csomád) volcano, East Carpathians, part II: magma output rates. Bull Volcanol 81, 28 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1287-8, CC BY 4.0. [3] Cserép, B., Szemerédi, M., Harangi, S. et al. Constraints on the pre-eruptive magma storage conditions and magma evolution of the 56–30 ka explosive volcanism of Ciomadul (East Carpathians, Romania). Contrib Mineral Petrol 178, 96 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-023-02075-z, CC BY 4.0 [4] Ryan, Steven. (2001). Estimating volcanic CO 2 emission rates from atmospheric measurements on the slope of Mauna Loa. Chemical Geology - CHEM GEOL. 177. 201-211. 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00392-2. [5] Boglárka-Mercédesz Kis, Artur Ionescu, Carlo Cardellini, Szabolcs Harangi, Călin Baciu, Antonio Caracausi, Fátima Viveiros, Quantification of carbon dioxide emissions of Ciomadul, the youngest volcano of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (Eastern-Central Europe, Romania), Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 341, 2017, Pages 119-130, ISSN 0377-0273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.05.025. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027316305285) [6] Nutu-Dragomir, Maria-Lidia & Marin, Constantin & Mitrofan, Horia. (2016). Trace elements geochemistry investigation concering a CO2-rich groundwater discharge on the eastern flank of Ciomadul Volcano (East Carpatians, Romania). Conference Proceedings, 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConferences SGEM, Book 1, vol. 1, pp 665-671.. [7] Harangi S, Molnár M, Vinkler AP, Kiss B, Jull AJT, Leonard AG. Radiocarbon Dating of the Last Volcanic Eruptions of Ciomadul Volcano, Southeast Carpathians, Eastern-Central Europe. Radiocarbon. 2010;52(3):1498-1507. doi:10.1017/S0033822200046580 [8] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger that are NOT the Ciomadul volcano are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/controller.cfc?method=lameve, Used with Permission [9] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022. 0:00 Magma Underground 0:37 Gas Emissions 1:19 Summit Craters 3:09 Slab Remnant 4:09 Dacite Lava Domes