Brazil is not well known for volcanoes. And yet, around 700 miles off its eastern shoreline are two volcanic islands which erupted numerous times during the last 1 million years. These centers comprise the Trindade & Martin Vaz Islands, which represent Brazil's two youngest eruptive centers. Thumbnail Photo Credit: This work "Trindade24", is a derivative of a photo (resized, cropped, text overlay, overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo)) from "Ilha da Trindade", by: Marinha do Brasil, Marinha do Brasil (Oficial), mboficial, Fotógrafo: Edwaldo, 2022, Posted on Flickr, Flickr account link: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mboficial/, Photo link: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mboficial/51986626219, CC BY-SA 2.0. "Trindade24" is used & licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 by Youtube.com/GeologyHub Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image): CC BY-SA 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode CC BY 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode Sources/Citations: [1] Freire Motoki, Kenji & Campos, Thomas & Santos, Anderson & Heilbron, Monica & Mairink Barão, Leonardo & Sichel, Susanna & Ferrari, André & Fonseca, Estefan & Szatmari, Peter. (2024). Interpretation of High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data for Plio-Pleistocene Tectonic Structures Studies in the Trindade Island Volcanic Building, South Atlantic Ocean, Brazil. 10.5772/intechopen.113254. CC BY 3.0 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027306004094) [2] Santos, Anderson & Mohriak, W. & Geraldes, Mauro & Santos, Werlem & Ponte-Neto, Cosme & Stanton, Natasha. (2018). Compiled potential field data and seismic surveys across the Eastern Brazilian continental margin integrated with new magnetometric profiles and stratigraphic configuration for Trindade Island, South Atlantic, Brazil. International Geology Review. 61. 1-17. 10.1080/00206814.2018.1542634. [3] Leandro Arrais Bevilaqua, Everton Marques Bongiolo, Gabriel Medeiros Marins, Nicholas Machado Lima, Delzio de Lima Machado Júnior, Stratigraphy, volcanic processes and evolution of the Martin Vaz archipelago, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Volume 123, 2023, 104191, ISSN 0895-9811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104191. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981123000020) [4] Santos, Anderson & Geraldes, Mauro & Siebel, Wolfgang & Mendes, Julio & Bongiolo, Everton & Santos, Werlem & Garrido, Thais & Rodrigues, Sérgio Wilians. (2018). Pleistocene alkaline rocks of Martin Vaz volcano, South Atlantic: low-degree partial melts of a CO 2 -metasomatized mantle plume. International Geology Review. 61. 1-18. 10.1080/00206814.2018.1425921. [5] Skolotnev, S. & Peyve, A. & Turko, Nataliya. (2010). New data on the structure of the Vitoria-Trindade seamount chain (western Brazil basin, South Atlantic). Doklady Earth Sciences. 431. 435-440. 10.1134/S1028334X10040057. [6] N.G. Pasqualon, J.F. Savian, E.F. Lima, W.P. de Oliveira, G.A. Hartmann, C.M.S. Scherer, L.M.M. Rossetti, F.R. da Luz, R.I.F. Trindade, E.B. Cahoon, D.P. Miggins, A. Koppers, A. Di Chiara, New volcanological, 40Ar/39Ar dating and paleomagnetic record from Trindade Island and stratigraphic implications, Quaternary Geochronology, Volume 81, 2024, 101518, ISSN 1871-1014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2024.101518. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871101424000220) [7] Anderson Costa dos Santos, João Mata, Fred Jourdan, Sérgio Willians de Oliveira Rodrigues, Lucas Guimarães Pereira Monteiro, Eliane Guedes, Leonardo Benedini, Mauro César Geraldes, Martin Vaz island geochronology: Constraint on the Trindade Mantle Plume track from the youngest and easternmost volcanic episodes, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Volume 106, 2021, 103090, ISSN 0895-9811, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103090. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981120306337) 0:00 Trindade Volcano 1:04 Geologic Setting 1:39 Submarine Activity 2:06 Volcanic Necks 2:43 Central Edifice 3:31 Youngest Cinder Cone 3:53 Martin Vaz