Regulatory elements are essential components of plant genomes that have shaped the domestication and improvement of modern crops. However, their identity, function and diversity remain poorly characterized, limiting our ability to harness their full power for agricultural advances using induced or natural variation. Here we mapped transcription factor (TF) binding for 200 TFs from 30 families in two distinct maize inbred lines historically used in maize breeding. TF binding comparison revealed widespread differences between inbreds, driven largely by structural variation, that correlated with gene expression changes and explained complex quantitative trait loci such as Vgt1, an important determinant of flowering time, and DICE, an herbivore resistance enhancer. CRISPR–Cas9 editing of TF binding regions validated the function and structure of regulatory regions at various loci controlling plant architecture and biotic resistance. Our maize TF binding catalogue identifies functional regulatory regions and enables collective and comparative analysis, highlighting its value for agricultural improvement.

Galli, M., Chen, Z., Ghandour, T. et al. Transcription factor binding divergence drives transcriptional and phenotypic variation in maize.
Nat. Plants (2025).

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bu içeriği en az 2500 kelime olacak şekilde ve alt başlıklar ve madde içermiyecek şekilde ünlü bir science magazine için İngilizce olarak yeniden yaz. Teknik açıklamalar içersin ve viral olacak şekilde İngilizce yaz. Haber dışında başka bir şey içermesin. Haber içerisinde en az 14 paragraf ve her bir paragrafta da en az 80 kelime olsun. Cevapta sadece haber olsun. Ayrıca haberi yazdıktan sonra içerikten yararlanarak aşağıdaki başlıkların bilgisi var ise haberin altında doldur. Eğer bilgi yoksa ilgili kısmı yazma.:

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Galli, M., Chen, Z., Ghandour, T. et al. Transcription factor binding divergence drives transcriptional and phenotypic variation in maize.
Nat. Plants (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02007-8

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Tags: agricultural improvement through genetic variationCRISPR-Cas9 in agricultureflowering time regulation in maizefunctional regulatory regions in plantsgene expression changes in cropsherbivore resistance in cropsmaize inbred lines comparisonquantitative trait loci in maizeregulatory elements in plant genomesstructural variation in transcription factorstranscription factor binding in maizetranscriptional divergence in crop breeding