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Shoebox-sized satellite launched to test ultra-secure quantum communications

3 months ago 13

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Open-access content Jack Loughran

Tue 24 Jun 2025

A nano satellite known as QUICK³ has been blasted into orbit to test components for use in future quantum satellite systems to be used for secure communications.

The satellite, developed by a research consortium headed by Technical University of Munich professor Tobias Vogl, was launched into orbit with a booster rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California on Monday. 

The satellite, which is no bigger than a shoebox and weighs around 4kg, will test quantum communication components that will achieve fully secure data transmissions from the sender to the receiver. 

Unlike conventional communications through fibre-optic cables, the information transmitted by a quantum communication satellite is not contained in light pulses made up of many photons, but rather in individual, precisely defined photons. These photons have quantum states that make the transmission absolutely secure. As any attempt to intercept the message will change the state of the photons, it will be immediately detected. 

However, because the individual photons can neither be copied nor amplified, this limits their range in fibre-optic cables to a few hundred kilometres. Satellite-based quantum communication therefore utilises Earth’s upper atmospheric layers where there is minimal scattering or absorption of light, allowing for secure data transmissions over long distances.

To make quantum communication an everyday reality, a globe-spanning network of several hundred satellites will be needed. The QUICK³ mission aims to demonstrate that the individual components of the nano satellite can withstand conditions in space and successfully interact. 

“In this mission we are testing single photon technology for nano satellites for the first time,” Vogl said. “At present there is no comparable project anywhere in the world. Either the satellites are much heavier and therefore more expensive or they operate with lasers, which greatly reduces the data transmission rate. 

“The transmission speed is a key advantage of our system, but the satellites have only a few minutes of line-of-sight contact with ground stations on each orbit.”

The second goal of the mission is to test the Born probability interpretation of the wave function under zero-gravity conditions. The function describes the probability of finding a quantum particle in a measurement at a specific location – a central concept of quantum mechanics. The question of whether this rule also applies universally, even in outer space, has never been experimentally verified.

The mission is expected to deliver its first results by the end of this year.

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