A Richmond, Virginia, firefighter has filed suit against multiple manufacturers of firefighter protective clothing and related chemical companies, alleging that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in his turnout gear caused him to develop leukemia. The case, originally filed in the Virginia Circuit Court for the City of Richmond, was recently removed to federal court by 3M Company.

Plaintiff Jonathan Clarke, a career firefighter with the City of Richmond since 2004, claims that the manufacturers of firefighter turnout gear and PFAS chemicals “knowingly and willfully manufactured, designed, marketed, sold, and distributed” products containing PFAS for use by firefighters despite knowing of their potential health risks.

According to the complaint, Clarke wore turnout gear containing PFAS “in the usual and normal course of performing his firefighting duties and training,” and through this repeated exposure “developed leukemia.” He alleges that he “did not know and, in the exercise of reasonable diligence, could not have known” that his gear contained PFAS or that PFAS could accumulate in the body and cause harm.

The suit names numerous defendants, including 3M Company, Honeywell International, DuPont (now EIDP, Inc.), Chemours, Lion Group, Globe Manufacturing, MSA Safety Sales, and others involved in the production or distribution of turnout gear and its component fabrics.

Clarke’s first amended complaint alleges multiple causes of action, including:

• Negligence, gross negligence, recklessness, and willful and wanton misconduct, for designing and selling PFAS-containing gear while knowing of its dangers;
• Breach of implied and express warranties, claiming the defendants represented the gear as safe for its intended use;
• Violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act, alleging the companies misrepresented or concealed the health risks of PFAS.

The complaint asserts that firefighters have been exposed to PFAS “through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact” during routine firefighting and training activities, and cites research suggesting “firefighters are at significant risk of harm from exposure to PFAS in turnouts and AFFF.”

Often referred to as “forever chemicals,” PFAS are resistant to degradation and can accumulate in the body over time. Studies have linked PFAS exposure to several health conditions, including cancers and immune system effects. Clarke’s complaint alleges that the defendants were aware “for decades” of the toxic nature of PFAS but continued to market PFAS-containing turnout gear without warning firefighters of potential health risks.

3M filed a notice of removal on September 12, 2025, transferring the case to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1442(a)(1) asserting that part of Clarke’s alleged exposure may have involved PFAS-containing firefighting foam (AFFF) made under military specifications. 3M maintains it was acting under federal direction in manufacturing those products and intends to seek transfer of the case to the multidistrict litigation (MDL) in South Carolina involving thousands of PFAS and AFFF claims nationwide

The lawsuit is part of a growing number of firefighter PFAS exposure cases nationwide alleging that turnout gear and firefighting foams have contributed to elevated cancer risks in the fire service.

Here is a copy of the Notice of Removal and the First Amendment Complaint.